Pharmacokinetics
Absorption: Well absorbed after administration into the deltoid muscle; some absorption follows local use
Distribution: Widely distributed. Concentrates in adipose tissue. Crosses the blood-brain barrier and placenta; enters breast milk
Metabolism and Excretion: Mostly metabolized by the liver; <10% excreted in urine as unchanged drug
Half-life: Biphasic—initial phase, 7–30 min; terminal phase, 90–120 min; increased in CHF and liver impairment
TIME/ACTION PROFILE (IV, IM = antiarrhythmic effects; local = anesthetic effects)
| ROUTE | ONSET | PEAK | DURATION |
| IV | immediate | immediate | 10–20 min (up to several hours after continuous infusion) |
| IM | 5–15 min | 20–30 min | 60–90 min |
| Local | rapid | unknown | 1–3 hr |
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